Valença

Valença do Minho

Camino Portugués

Distrito de Viana do CasteloPortugal

From the Latin Valentia, 'strength, valour', a typical name for fortified medieval foundations. Valença do Minho applies the generic to the specific place: the stronghold facing Tui, across the river.

The toponym is one of the flagship names of the Iberian Christian repopulation. Valentia —⁠from the Latin verb valere 'to be strong, to be worth'⁠— was applied as a generic to many fortified foundations: Valencia of the Cid (1238), Valencia de Don Juan, Valencia de Alcántara, Valença do Minho. It does not refer to a pre-Roman substrate or to a personal name: it is a programmatic name, granted to a settlement to ward off its weakness. Portuguese Valença, founded by Afonso III in 1262 on an earlier hillfort, was given the qualifier do Minho to distinguish it from the rest. The Vauban-style fortress that surrounds it —⁠two star-shaped belts of walls, completed in the 18th century⁠— gives architectural literality to the name.

Evolution of the name

  1. Valentia Latin (genérico medieval) 12th — 13th century
  2. Valença Portuguese from the 13th century

Reflections, to the letter

From the rampart walk of the fortress, looking north, you see Tui across the Miño: two enemy strongholds for seven centuries, today joined by the wrought-iron Ponte Internacional. Portuguese crosses the river and becomes Spanish; Spanish, on crossing, becomes Galician. Valença is the last Portuguese word of the Camino: from the bridge onwards, all toponyms change language.

Languages of origin

Origin status

confirmed

Glossary

Anthroponym
A personal name, often used as the base of toponyms (Lucronius → Logroño, Sigerici → Castrojeriz).
Pre-Roman
Prior to the Romanisation of the Iberian peninsula (3rd century BC); applied to toponyms, linguistic roots and populations.
Repopulation
A medieval process by which the Christian kingdoms of the northern Iberian peninsula resettled territories reconquered from al-Andalus. Generates a whole layer of repopulation toponyms: Bercianos (those from El Bierzo), Navarrete (little Navarre), Castellanos, Gallegos.

Sources

  • Machado, J.P. — Dicionário Onomástico Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa
  • Mattoso, J. — Identificação de um país
  • Almeida, C.A. Ferreira de — Castelos medievais do noroeste de Portugal (1978)

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Camino Portugués

  1. ··· toward Santiago
  2. Arcade
  3. Redondela
  4. Saxamonde
  5. O Porriño
  6. Mos
  7. Tui
  8. Valença
  9. São Pedro da Torre
  10. Rubiães
  11. Arcozelo
  12. Ponte de Lima
  13. Vitorino dos Piães
  14. Tâmel
  15. ··· toward the start