Rates

Camino Portugués

Distrito do Porto · Distrito de OportoPortugal

From the pre-Roman personal name Ratis, possibly of Celtic root 'fortress, defence', Latinised as the marker of a Roman fundus. The church of São Pedro de Rates, Romanesque of the 12th century, is one of the oldest in Portugal.

The Celtic root rāti- 'fortification, fenced enclosure' is one of the most productive formants of western Indo-European onomastics, preserved in Gaulish toponyms (Argentorate = Strasbourg) and British ones (Ratae = Leicester). In Iberia, the form was applied as a personal name among the Lusitanians and Gallaecians: a warrior named Ratis gives his name to the rural fundus Rates. The Jacobean legend claims the place as the birthplace of Saint Peter of Rates, first bishop of Braga consecrated by Saint James the apostle —⁠but that tradition is from the 12th century, a thousand years later than the toponym⁠—⁠.

Evolution of the name

  1. Ratis (antropónimo) Latinized Celtic 1st — 5th century
  2. Rates medieval Portuguese from the 10th century

Reflections, to the letter

The Church of São Pedro de Rates, Romanesque of the 12th century —⁠a capital work of Portuguese Romanesque⁠—⁠, rises on the remains of a 5th-century early Christian temple. Local legend teaches that São Pedro de Rates, first bishop of Braga consecrated by Saint James, was buried here; archaeologically only an early Christian necropolis is confirmed. Rates is thus two stories in one: the Celtic warrior who gave the name, and the legendary saint who came later.

Languages of origin

Themes

Origin status

confirmed

Glossary

Anthroponym
A personal name, often used as the base of toponyms (Lucronius → Logroño, Sigerici → Castrojeriz).
Fundus
A Roman rural estate with house, arable land and agricultural dependencies, usually named after the owner in the genitive (Sacaveni = "of Sacavus"). The origin of hundreds of peninsular toponyms.
Onomastics
The linguistic discipline that studies proper names — of persons, places and institutions.
Paleo-Christian
Of the earliest Christianity, before the 6th century; applied to early churches, martyrs and liturgical practices.
Pre-Roman
Prior to the Romanisation of the Iberian peninsula (3rd century BC); applied to toponyms, linguistic roots and populations.

Sources

  • Menéndez Pidal, R. — Toponimia prerrománica hispana
  • Machado, J.P. — Dicionário Onomástico Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa
  • Real, M.L. — O românico português (Lisboa: Inapa, 1986)

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Camino Portugués

  1. ··· toward Santiago
  2. Arcozelo
  3. Ponte de Lima
  4. Vitorino dos Piães
  5. Tâmel
  6. Barcelos
  7. Pedra Furada
  8. Rates
  9. Arcos
  10. Vairão
  11. Vilarinho
  12. Porto
  13. Vila Nova de Gaia
  14. Grijó
  15. ··· toward the start