Tâmel

Camino Portugués

Distrito de BragaPortugal

Pre-Roman toponym of disputed origin. Contemporary Portuguese onomastics classifies it as hydronymic, with the base tam- present in other watercourse names of the European Atlantic quadrant (cf. the Galician river Támega, the Portuguese Tâmega, the British Thames). The precise meaning has been lost —⁠a word older than documented Celtic.

The root tam- is one of the classical findings of the Paleo-European hydronymy systematised by Hans Krahe in the 1950s: it appears in names of watercourses scattered across England (Thames), France (Tamier), Germany (Tamine), Italy (Tammaro), Galicia (Támega) and northern Portugal. Krahe proposed that the base reflected a linguistic layer prior to the known Indo-European migrations —⁠Paleo-European peoples whose languages have been lost but whose hydronyms survive attached to the landscape. The precise meaning is disputed: some onomatologists connect it with the notion of 'slow flow, calm', others with properties of water (dark, deep). The Portuguese freguesia of Tâmel belongs to the Barcelos council and crosses the river Cávado to the east, whose basin is the probable origin of the preserved hydronym. The pilgrim passes Tâmel on the long stage from Barcelos to Ponte de Lima, 35 km across Minho pastures.

Evolution of the name

  1. tam- Paleo-European / pre-Celtic before the 1st century BC
  2. Tâmel medieval Portuguese from the 12th century

Reflections, to the letter

The name is older than Latin, perhaps older than Celtic: tam-, a Palaeo-European water root that surfaces across Atlantic Europe, from the English Thames to the Tâmega. And it is not only the village's name: through the valley runs the river Tamel, a tributary of the Cávado that carries the same word. The water that likely named the place three thousand years ago still flows, though no one now knows in what tongue it was named.

Languages of origin

Themes

Origin status

disputed

Glossary

Hydronym
A place name derived from the name of a river, lake or watercourse (Carrión, Eo, Sella, Deba, Cueza).
Hydronymic
Pertaining to hydronyms (place names from watercourses).
Onomastics
The linguistic discipline that studies proper names — of persons, places and institutions. "Onomastic readings" are competing etymological hypotheses about a name.
Onomatologist
A specialist in onomastics, the linguistic discipline that studies proper names — of persons (anthroponyms), places (toponyms) and institutions.
Palaeo-European
Pertaining to the oldest Indo-European linguistic strata of Europe, prior to Celtic and Italic. Hans Krahe identified a Palaeo-European hydronymy (roots such as *dewa-, *alb-, *lut-) shared by Atlantic European rivers.
Pre-Roman
Prior to the Romanisation of the Iberian peninsula (3rd century BC); applied to toponyms, linguistic roots and populations.

Sources

  • Krahe, H. — Unsere ältesten Flussnamen (1964)

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Camino Portugués

  1. ··· toward Santiago
  2. Valença
  3. São Pedro da Torre
  4. Rubiães
  5. Arcozelo
  6. Ponte de Lima
  7. Vitorino dos Piães
  8. Tâmel
  9. Barcelos
  10. Pedra Furada
  11. Rates
  12. Arcos
  13. Vairão
  14. Vilarinho
  15. ··· toward the start