Caminha

Camino Portugués de la Costa

Distrito de Viana do CasteloPortugal

Portuguese affective diminutive: caminha, from the Portuguese caminho (Latin caminus, 'road, way') with the suffix -inha. It literally means 'little road, small passage' —⁠a description of the narrow historical passage that the road followed between the range and the Miño river before crossing into Galicia.

Caminus, 'road, way', figures among the few Celtic loanwords into military Latin that became general in all the Romance languages (Castilian camino, Galician camiño, Portuguese caminho, Italian cammino, French chemin). The word specifically designated a transitable rural road, as opposed to the Roman paved via. The Portuguese diminutive suffix -inha (feminine of -inho, the evolution of Latin -ina) generates the affective form: a caminha is a little road, a narrow track. The Portuguese town, founded as such in the 12th century by Afonso Henriques, first king of Portugal, owes its name to the historic passage between the Arga range and the Miño river —⁠a narrow topographic neck through which all the Iberian-Atlantic north-south circulation had to pass. Caminha is also a historic crossing point between Portugal and Galicia: the ferry over the Miño that connects Caminha with A Guarda (Spain) is one of the most singular Jacobean border crossings in Europe —⁠the Costa pilgrim changes country (and Camino, from the Portuguese to the Galician section) in a five-minute river crossing.

Evolution of the name

  1. caminus late Latin (préstamo céltico) before the 6th century
  2. caminha medieval Portuguese from the 12th century

Reflections, to the letter

The name is a plain diminutive —⁠caminho with the suffix -inha: little path⁠— and it describes exactly what the pilgrim treads: a narrow neck of land between the Serra d'Arga and the Minho, the forced passage for all Atlantic traffic between Portugal and Galicia. There, where the river opens to the sea, the Coastal pilgrim changes country aboard the ferry to A Guarda: some ten minutes of crossing, two banks, two nations. The 'little path' of the name is still, quite literally, the point you must pass through.

Languages of origin

Themes

Origin status

confirmed

Glossary

Caminus (Celtic loanword)
Celtic word for 'road, transitable rural way', incorporated into military Latin after the Gallic Wars (1st century BC) and generalised across all the Romance languages: Castilian camino, Galician camiño, Portuguese caminho, Italian cammino, French chemin. In opposition to the Roman paved via.
Diminutive
A derived form indicating smaller size or affection, formed with suffixes such as -illo, -ito, -uelo, -ete. Substantivised plural diminutives abound in toponymy: Hornillos, Boadilla, Calzadilla, Comillas, Pradillos.

Sources

  • Machado, J.P. — Dicionário onomástico etimológico da língua portuguesa

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Camino Portugués de la Costa

  1. ··· toward Santiago
  2. Vigo
  3. Nigrán
  4. Baiona
  5. Mougás
  6. Oia
  7. A Guarda
  8. Caminha
  9. Vila Praia de Âncora
  10. Viana do Castelo
  11. Fão
  12. Esposende
  13. Apúlia
  14. Póvoa de Varzim
  15. ··· toward the start