Guadix

Camino Mozárabe

GranadaAndalucía

Two-member Arabic compound on pre-Roman toponym. The medieval form Wādī Āš (وَادِي آش) derives from the Arabic wādī ('river, river valley') plus the old Iberian name Acci (attested on Celtiberian coins and cited by Pliny the Elder as the capital of the Bastuli), phonetically reinterpreted as Āš. The Castilian form Guadix preserves the complete Arabic composition with apocope of the final ī.

Acci, Iberian capital of the Bastuli people according to Pliny, was one of the first Hispanic cities to obtain the status of Roman colony of Italic law: under Julius Caesar (45 BC) and as Colonia Iulia Gemella Acci under Augustus, it received veterans of the I Vernacular legion. The episcopal see of Acci is the oldest of Hispanic Christianity: Torquatus, first bishop, was one of the seven apostolic men evangelisers of Baetica according to tradition. The Christianisation of Acci took place around the year 60 and the episcopal see continued uninterruptedly during the Mozarabic phase of al-Andalus —⁠Acci-Wādī Āš was one of the foci of Arabised Christianity of the southern peninsula⁠—⁠. The Christian reconquest dates from 1489 by the Catholic Monarchs, two years before the fall of Granada.

Evolution of the name

  1. Acci Iberian 3rd centuries BC–5th
  2. Wādī Āš Andalusi Arabic 8th–15th centuries
  3. Guadix medieval Castilian from 1489

Reflections, to the letter

Wādī Āš named the river before the town: the water of old Acci's valley. That same river — today the Río Verde, the Río de Guadix — still crosses the basin, and it is what carved the lunar clay gullies where people dug their cave-houses. The city of caves owes itself, letter by letter, to the wādī it carries in its name.

Languages of origin

Origin status

confirmed

Glossary

Apocope
Loss of one or more phonemes at the end of a word.
Attested
A form or word documented in writing in historical sources; opposed to "reconstructed" (forms proposed by comparative inference but not actually documented).
Mozarabs
Hispano-Roman Christian community that survived in al-Andalus after the Muslim conquest of 711, preserving its Catholic religion but progressively adopting Arabic language, dress, onomastics and sometimes the Arabised liturgical rite (Mozarabic or Hispano-Mozarabic rite). The Mozarabs maintained their own episcopal sees in the great cities of al-Andalus (Cordoba, Seville, Granada, Acci-Guadix, Toledo) until the 12th-13th centuries, when the Almoravid and Almohad persecutions pushed them to massive emigration to the northern Christian kingdoms. The Mozarabic rite survives liturgically in the Corpus Christi Chapel of Toledo Cathedral since the 16th century.
Pre-Roman
Prior to the Romanisation of the Iberian peninsula (3rd century BC); applied to toponyms, linguistic roots and populations.

Sources

  • Corriente, F. — Diccionario de arabismos
  • Bertrand, M. — Acci, ciudad romana

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Camino Mozárabe

  1. ··· toward Santiago
  2. Alcalá la Real
  3. Atarfe
  4. Pinos Puente
  5. Granada
  6. Quéntar
  7. La Peza
  8. Guadix
  9. Fiñana
  10. Alboloduy
  11. Alhama de Almería
  12. Rioja
  13. Almería