Camino de San Rosendo y la Reina Santa
The Camino de San Rosendo y la Reina Santa walks along the border. It enters Galicia from northern Portugal through the Baixa Limia, following in part the old Roman road, and climbs the A Raia —the border line— toward Ourense. It is a Camino of two patrons: one Galician and one Portuguese, one on each side of the line.
Its heart is Celanova, 'the new cell' that San Rosendo founded in the year 935 and where he withdrew to die; in the garden of his monastery hides the Mozarabic chapel of San Miguel, of the 10th century, small as a cell and old as the name. Before, the pilgrim passes beside Santa Comba de Bande, a 7th-century church that has watched fourteen centuries of walkers go by.
From Celanova the Camino descends through A Merca to Ourense, and there it leaves its own name to take the Vía de la Plata —the Sanabrés— on its final stretch toward Santiago. It is the route of the border and of the saints who crossed it: a 10th-century king who founded a monastery, a 14th-century queen who walked to the tomb of the Apostle.
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It is not 'wolf'. Lobios is the plural of lobio —the trellis, the vine raised over the path—, from the Germanic *laubja 'shelter, gallery'. Friar Sarmiento already clarified it in 1754.
Of disputed etymology: from the Gallaecian theonym Bandua —a pre-Roman deity worshipped in the region— or from the genitive of a Latin personal name, '(the estate) of Bandus'.
From the Latin cella nova, 'the new cell': the monastery that San Rosendo founded in 935. Cella was the monastic cell —or granary—; nova, new.
From the Galician merca 'purchase' (from the Latin mercari, 'to trade'): 'the trading', after the historic fair that gave rise to the town at a crossroads.
From the Latin Aurientia or Auriense, derived from the Latin aurum ('gold'), after the gold-bearing outcrops of the river Miño that the Romans exploited from the 1st century. The Galician form Ourense preserves the diphthong au- > ou-; the Castilian Orense simplified it.
At Ourense you leave the Camino de San Rosendo and join the Vía de la Plata (the Camino Sanabrés). From here you share the same path all the way to Santiago de Compostela: it is still the road you follow to arrive.
Toponym of disputed origin. The dominant hypothesis proposes a pre-Roman root ker- of opaque meaning, attested in other northwestern toponyms (Cea in León, Ceán in A Coruña). Others derive it from Late Latin cedere ('to yield, to grant') after some medieval jurisdictional privilege, without firm attestation.
Compound toponym. Castro, from the Latin castrum in its specific Galician sense —a fortified pre-Roman settlement (castreño culture). Dozón, a medieval anthroponym of disputed origin, probably from the Latin genitive Doconis or from an unidentified Gothic anthroponym, in possessive. It documents a Celtic castro appropriated in the Middle Ages by a lord called Docón.
Disputed etymology. The dominant hypothesis derives the name from the Gothic personal name Allini or Alini, an early medieval owner whose estate became fixed in the Latin genitive (villa) Allini. Others propose a pre-Roman root lal- without firm parallels.
From the Germanic banda ('strip, group distinctive, ensign'), through Old French bandiere and medieval Catalan bandera: 'ensign, standard'. The toponym probably commemorates a medieval jurisdictional episode —seigneurial concession, coat of arms or privilege— now lost.
Transparent compound: ponte (Latin pontem, 'bridge') + Ulla, the pre-Roman hydronym of the river the bridge crosses. Ulla has disputed etymology: possibly pre-Indo-European or Celtic with a hydronymic root ul-.
Santiago from the Latin Sanctus Iacobus, 'Saint James'. Compostela has two readings: the scholarly one, from the Latin compositum 'cemetery' (from componere 'to bury'); the popular one, encouraged by the Jacobean legend, reads Campus Stellae 'field of the star', after the stars that in the 9th century revealed the apostle's tomb to Bishop Theodemir.
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